Natalie Caciagli

Robert Gordon and Leduar Ramayo

/

/

Massimo Chiaradia

/ /

Massimo Chiaradia is Senior Lecturer at the Department of Earth Sciences of the University of Geneva (Switzerland). He obtained his MSc at the University of Padova (Italy) and a PhD in Earth Sciences at the University of Fribourg (Switzerland). His research focuses on the petrogenesis of arc magmas with implications for continental crust formation and the relationship between magma chemistry, dynamics of subduction zones and the formation of porphyry-type deposits. To carry out his research Massimo combines fieldwork with various analytical techniques including petrography and ore microscopy, mineral and rock geochemistry, light and heavy stable isotopes, radiogenic isotopes and high-precision radiometric dating.

/ /

Porphyry Cu–Au deposits are the major global source of copper, an essential metal for the green transition, and a significant source of gold. They occur both in thick continental and thin oceanic arcs at depths between ∼1 and ∼6 km above parental magma chambers situated at ∼5–15 km depth. Although it is believed that the metal precipitation processes for these deposits are the same in thin and thick arcs, it is not clear why porphyry deposits in these two environments display different Cu and Au endowments and different Au/Cu ratios. Using mass balance petrological modeling, I argue that porphyry Cu–Au deposits in thick and thin arcs form by two distinct magmatic evolution precursors. In thick arcs porphyry Cu–Au deposits are tied to the deep crust build-up of large volumes of magmas, volatiles and metals. These large volumes of magmas are H₂O-undersaturated and need to rise to shallow level to exsolve fluids and metals. In contrast, porphyry Cu–Au deposits in thin arcs form by little differentiated mantle-derived magmas that rise directly to shallow crustal levels where they exsolve fluids and metals. These two distinct magmatic pathways of porphyry Cu–Au generation are ultimately controlled by the different arc thicknesses in the two environments, even though the processes of metal precipitation in the actual deposits of the shallow crust are similar. The model discussed here may stimulate the development of new tools for the exploration of porphyry deposits in the distinct environments of thick and thin arcs.

/ /

Massimo Chiaradia is Senior Lecturer at the Department of Earth Sciences of the University of Geneva (Switzerland). He obtained his MSc at the University of Padova (Italy) and a PhD in Earth Sciences at the University of Fribourg (Switzerland). His research focuses on the petrogenesis of arc magmas with implications for continental crust formation and the relationship between magma chemistry, dynamics of subduction zones and the formation of porphyry-type deposits. To carry out his research Massimo combines fieldwork with various analytical techniques including petrography and ore microscopy, mineral and rock geochemistry, light and heavy stable isotopes, radiogenic isotopes and high-precision radiometric dating.

/ /

Porphyry Cu–Au deposits are the major global source of copper, an essential metal for the green transition, and a significant source of gold. They occur both in thick continental and thin oceanic arcs at depths between ∼1 and ∼6 km above parental magma chambers situated at ∼5–15 km depth. Although it is believed that the metal precipitation processes for these deposits are the same in thin and thick arcs, it is not clear why porphyry deposits in these two environments display different Cu and Au endowments and different Au/Cu ratios. Using mass balance petrological modeling, I argue that porphyry Cu–Au deposits in thick and thin arcs form by two distinct magmatic evolution precursors. In thick arcs porphyry Cu–Au deposits are tied to the deep crust build-up of large volumes of magmas, volatiles and metals. These large volumes of magmas are H₂O-undersaturated and need to rise to shallow level to exsolve fluids and metals. In contrast, porphyry Cu–Au deposits in thin arcs form by little differentiated mantle-derived magmas that rise directly to shallow crustal levels where they exsolve fluids and metals. These two distinct magmatic pathways of porphyry Cu–Au generation are ultimately controlled by the different arc thicknesses in the two environments, even though the processes of metal precipitation in the actual deposits of the shallow crust are similar. The model discussed here may stimulate the development of new tools for the exploration of porphyry deposits in the distinct environments of thick and thin arcs.

Alexander Prikhodko, Andrei Bagrianski and Marco Nieto

/ /

Massimo Chiaradia is Senior Lecturer at the Department of Earth Sciences of the University of Geneva (Switzerland). He obtained his MSc at the University of Padova (Italy) and a PhD in Earth Sciences at the University of Fribourg (Switzerland). His research focuses on the petrogenesis of arc magmas with implications for continental crust formation and the relationship between magma chemistry, dynamics of subduction zones and the formation of porphyry-type deposits. To carry out his research Massimo combines fieldwork with various analytical techniques including petrography and ore microscopy, mineral and rock geochemistry, light and heavy stable isotopes, radiogenic isotopes and high-precision radiometric dating.

/ /

Porphyry Cu–Au deposits are the major global source of copper, an essential metal for the green transition, and a significant source of gold. They occur both in thick continental and thin oceanic arcs at depths between ∼1 and ∼6 km above parental magma chambers situated at ∼5–15 km depth. Although it is believed that the metal precipitation processes for these deposits are the same in thin and thick arcs, it is not clear why porphyry deposits in these two environments display different Cu and Au endowments and different Au/Cu ratios. Using mass balance petrological modeling, I argue that porphyry Cu–Au deposits in thick and thin arcs form by two distinct magmatic evolution precursors. In thick arcs porphyry Cu–Au deposits are tied to the deep crust build-up of large volumes of magmas, volatiles and metals. These large volumes of magmas are H₂O-undersaturated and need to rise to shallow level to exsolve fluids and metals. In contrast, porphyry Cu–Au deposits in thin arcs form by little differentiated mantle-derived magmas that rise directly to shallow crustal levels where they exsolve fluids and metals. These two distinct magmatic pathways of porphyry Cu–Au generation are ultimately controlled by the different arc thicknesses in the two environments, even though the processes of metal precipitation in the actual deposits of the shallow crust are similar. The model discussed here may stimulate the development of new tools for the exploration of porphyry deposits in the distinct environments of thick and thin arcs.

Renzo Galdos, Jean Vallance, Patrice Baby, Stefano Salvi, Michael Schirra, German Velasquez and Gleb S. Pokrovski

/ /

Massimo Chiaradia is Senior Lecturer at the Department of Earth Sciences of the University of Geneva (Switzerland). He obtained his MSc at the University of Padova (Italy) and a PhD in Earth Sciences at the University of Fribourg (Switzerland). His research focuses on the petrogenesis of arc magmas with implications for continental crust formation and the relationship between magma chemistry, dynamics of subduction zones and the formation of porphyry-type deposits. To carry out his research Massimo combines fieldwork with various analytical techniques including petrography and ore microscopy, mineral and rock geochemistry, light and heavy stable isotopes, radiogenic isotopes and high-precision radiometric dating.

/ /

Porphyry Cu–Au deposits are the major global source of copper, an essential metal for the green transition, and a significant source of gold. They occur both in thick continental and thin oceanic arcs at depths between ∼1 and ∼6 km above parental magma chambers situated at ∼5–15 km depth. Although it is believed that the metal precipitation processes for these deposits are the same in thin and thick arcs, it is not clear why porphyry deposits in these two environments display different Cu and Au endowments and different Au/Cu ratios. Using mass balance petrological modeling, I argue that porphyry Cu–Au deposits in thick and thin arcs form by two distinct magmatic evolution precursors. In thick arcs porphyry Cu–Au deposits are tied to the deep crust build-up of large volumes of magmas, volatiles and metals. These large volumes of magmas are H₂O-undersaturated and need to rise to shallow level to exsolve fluids and metals. In contrast, porphyry Cu–Au deposits in thin arcs form by little differentiated mantle-derived magmas that rise directly to shallow crustal levels where they exsolve fluids and metals. These two distinct magmatic pathways of porphyry Cu–Au generation are ultimately controlled by the different arc thicknesses in the two environments, even though the processes of metal precipitation in the actual deposits of the shallow crust are similar. The model discussed here may stimulate the development of new tools for the exploration of porphyry deposits in the distinct environments of thick and thin arcs.

Joselyn Medina and Patrice Baby

/ /

Massimo Chiaradia is Senior Lecturer at the Department of Earth Sciences of the University of Geneva (Switzerland). He obtained his MSc at the University of Padova (Italy) and a PhD in Earth Sciences at the University of Fribourg (Switzerland). His research focuses on the petrogenesis of arc magmas with implications for continental crust formation and the relationship between magma chemistry, dynamics of subduction zones and the formation of porphyry-type deposits. To carry out his research Massimo combines fieldwork with various analytical techniques including petrography and ore microscopy, mineral and rock geochemistry, light and heavy stable isotopes, radiogenic isotopes and high-precision radiometric dating.

/ /

Porphyry Cu–Au deposits are the major global source of copper, an essential metal for the green transition, and a significant source of gold. They occur both in thick continental and thin oceanic arcs at depths between ∼1 and ∼6 km above parental magma chambers situated at ∼5–15 km depth. Although it is believed that the metal precipitation processes for these deposits are the same in thin and thick arcs, it is not clear why porphyry deposits in these two environments display different Cu and Au endowments and different Au/Cu ratios. Using mass balance petrological modeling, I argue that porphyry Cu–Au deposits in thick and thin arcs form by two distinct magmatic evolution precursors. In thick arcs porphyry Cu–Au deposits are tied to the deep crust build-up of large volumes of magmas, volatiles and metals. These large volumes of magmas are H₂O-undersaturated and need to rise to shallow level to exsolve fluids and metals. In contrast, porphyry Cu–Au deposits in thin arcs form by little differentiated mantle-derived magmas that rise directly to shallow crustal levels where they exsolve fluids and metals. These two distinct magmatic pathways of porphyry Cu–Au generation are ultimately controlled by the different arc thicknesses in the two environments, even though the processes of metal precipitation in the actual deposits of the shallow crust are similar. The model discussed here may stimulate the development of new tools for the exploration of porphyry deposits in the distinct environments of thick and thin arcs.

Andreas Dietrich

/ /

Massimo Chiaradia is Senior Lecturer at the Department of Earth Sciences of the University of Geneva (Switzerland). He obtained his MSc at the University of Padova (Italy) and a PhD in Earth Sciences at the University of Fribourg (Switzerland). His research focuses on the petrogenesis of arc magmas with implications for continental crust formation and the relationship between magma chemistry, dynamics of subduction zones and the formation of porphyry-type deposits. To carry out his research Massimo combines fieldwork with various analytical techniques including petrography and ore microscopy, mineral and rock geochemistry, light and heavy stable isotopes, radiogenic isotopes and high-precision radiometric dating.

/ /

Porphyry Cu–Au deposits are the major global source of copper, an essential metal for the green transition, and a significant source of gold. They occur both in thick continental and thin oceanic arcs at depths between ∼1 and ∼6 km above parental magma chambers situated at ∼5–15 km depth. Although it is believed that the metal precipitation processes for these deposits are the same in thin and thick arcs, it is not clear why porphyry deposits in these two environments display different Cu and Au endowments and different Au/Cu ratios. Using mass balance petrological modeling, I argue that porphyry Cu–Au deposits in thick and thin arcs form by two distinct magmatic evolution precursors. In thick arcs porphyry Cu–Au deposits are tied to the deep crust build-up of large volumes of magmas, volatiles and metals. These large volumes of magmas are H₂O-undersaturated and need to rise to shallow level to exsolve fluids and metals. In contrast, porphyry Cu–Au deposits in thin arcs form by little differentiated mantle-derived magmas that rise directly to shallow crustal levels where they exsolve fluids and metals. These two distinct magmatic pathways of porphyry Cu–Au generation are ultimately controlled by the different arc thicknesses in the two environments, even though the processes of metal precipitation in the actual deposits of the shallow crust are similar. The model discussed here may stimulate the development of new tools for the exploration of porphyry deposits in the distinct environments of thick and thin arcs.

Patrice Baby, Caroline Van De Vyver, Renzo Galdos, André Quinteros, Joselyn Medina, Stefano Salvi, Stéphane Brusset, Johan Ramirez, Lisard Torró, Jean Vallance and Gleb Pokrovski

/ /

Massimo Chiaradia is Senior Lecturer at the Department of Earth Sciences of the University of Geneva (Switzerland). He obtained his MSc at the University of Padova (Italy) and a PhD in Earth Sciences at the University of Fribourg (Switzerland). His research focuses on the petrogenesis of arc magmas with implications for continental crust formation and the relationship between magma chemistry, dynamics of subduction zones and the formation of porphyry-type deposits. To carry out his research Massimo combines fieldwork with various analytical techniques including petrography and ore microscopy, mineral and rock geochemistry, light and heavy stable isotopes, radiogenic isotopes and high-precision radiometric dating.

/ /

Porphyry Cu–Au deposits are the major global source of copper, an essential metal for the green transition, and a significant source of gold. They occur both in thick continental and thin oceanic arcs at depths between ∼1 and ∼6 km above parental magma chambers situated at ∼5–15 km depth. Although it is believed that the metal precipitation processes for these deposits are the same in thin and thick arcs, it is not clear why porphyry deposits in these two environments display different Cu and Au endowments and different Au/Cu ratios. Using mass balance petrological modeling, I argue that porphyry Cu–Au deposits in thick and thin arcs form by two distinct magmatic evolution precursors. In thick arcs porphyry Cu–Au deposits are tied to the deep crust build-up of large volumes of magmas, volatiles and metals. These large volumes of magmas are H₂O-undersaturated and need to rise to shallow level to exsolve fluids and metals. In contrast, porphyry Cu–Au deposits in thin arcs form by little differentiated mantle-derived magmas that rise directly to shallow crustal levels where they exsolve fluids and metals. These two distinct magmatic pathways of porphyry Cu–Au generation are ultimately controlled by the different arc thicknesses in the two environments, even though the processes of metal precipitation in the actual deposits of the shallow crust are similar. The model discussed here may stimulate the development of new tools for the exploration of porphyry deposits in the distinct environments of thick and thin arcs.

Cyril Chelle-Michou

/ /

Massimo Chiaradia is Senior Lecturer at the Department of Earth Sciences of the University of Geneva (Switzerland). He obtained his MSc at the University of Padova (Italy) and a PhD in Earth Sciences at the University of Fribourg (Switzerland). His research focuses on the petrogenesis of arc magmas with implications for continental crust formation and the relationship between magma chemistry, dynamics of subduction zones and the formation of porphyry-type deposits. To carry out his research Massimo combines fieldwork with various analytical techniques including petrography and ore microscopy, mineral and rock geochemistry, light and heavy stable isotopes, radiogenic isotopes and high-precision radiometric dating.

Cyril Chelle-Michou es profesor de Sistemas de Recursos Minerales en la ETH de Zúrich (Suiza).  Su investigación adopta un enfoque interdisciplinario en el que se entrelazan métodos, datos y conceptos que abarcan una amplia gama de campos para desentrañar los procesos que han dado forma a nuestro planeta y generado los recursos naturales de los que depende nuestra sociedad. Se interesa principalmente por cuantificar los procesos geológicos que modulan el tamaño de los yacimientos magmáticos-hidrotermales y alojados en sedimentos, y por desarrollar nuevos métodos de exploración y herramientas de decisión que ayuden a localizar los yacimientos más importantes lo antes posible, con el fin de reducir los riesgos económicos y el impacto medioambiental al identificar yacimientos cada vez más profundos.

/ /

Porphyry Cu–Au deposits are the major global source of copper, an essential metal for the green transition, and a significant source of gold. They occur both in thick continental and thin oceanic arcs at depths between ∼1 and ∼6 km above parental magma chambers situated at ∼5–15 km depth. Although it is believed that the metal precipitation processes for these deposits are the same in thin and thick arcs, it is not clear why porphyry deposits in these two environments display different Cu and Au endowments and different Au/Cu ratios. Using mass balance petrological modeling, I argue that porphyry Cu–Au deposits in thick and thin arcs form by two distinct magmatic evolution precursors. In thick arcs porphyry Cu–Au deposits are tied to the deep crust build-up of large volumes of magmas, volatiles and metals. These large volumes of magmas are H₂O-undersaturated and need to rise to shallow level to exsolve fluids and metals. In contrast, porphyry Cu–Au deposits in thin arcs form by little differentiated mantle-derived magmas that rise directly to shallow crustal levels where they exsolve fluids and metals. These two distinct magmatic pathways of porphyry Cu–Au generation are ultimately controlled by the different arc thicknesses in the two environments, even though the processes of metal precipitation in the actual deposits of the shallow crust are similar. The model discussed here may stimulate the development of new tools for the exploration of porphyry deposits in the distinct environments of thick and thin arcs.

.

Moderator: Anne J.B.Thopmson
Panelists: Antonio Arribas, David Cooke, Silvia Rosas and Sebastián Benavides

/ /

Massimo Chiaradia is Senior Lecturer at the Department of Earth Sciences of the University of Geneva (Switzerland). He obtained his MSc at the University of Padova (Italy) and a PhD in Earth Sciences at the University of Fribourg (Switzerland). His research focuses on the petrogenesis of arc magmas with implications for continental crust formation and the relationship between magma chemistry, dynamics of subduction zones and the formation of porphyry-type deposits. To carry out his research Massimo combines fieldwork with various analytical techniques including petrography and ore microscopy, mineral and rock geochemistry, light and heavy stable isotopes, radiogenic isotopes and high-precision radiometric dating.

Cyril Chelle-Michou es profesor de Sistemas de Recursos Minerales en la ETH de Zúrich (Suiza).  Su investigación adopta un enfoque interdisciplinario en el que se entrelazan métodos, datos y conceptos que abarcan una amplia gama de campos para desentrañar los procesos que han dado forma a nuestro planeta y generado los recursos naturales de los que depende nuestra sociedad. Se interesa principalmente por cuantificar los procesos geológicos que modulan el tamaño de los yacimientos magmáticos-hidrotermales y alojados en sedimentos, y por desarrollar nuevos métodos de exploración y herramientas de decisión que ayuden a localizar los yacimientos más importantes lo antes posible, con el fin de reducir los riesgos económicos y el impacto medioambiental al identificar yacimientos cada vez más profundos.

/ /

Porphyry Cu–Au deposits are the major global source of copper, an essential metal for the green transition, and a significant source of gold. They occur both in thick continental and thin oceanic arcs at depths between ∼1 and ∼6 km above parental magma chambers situated at ∼5–15 km depth. Although it is believed that the metal precipitation processes for these deposits are the same in thin and thick arcs, it is not clear why porphyry deposits in these two environments display different Cu and Au endowments and different Au/Cu ratios. Using mass balance petrological modeling, I argue that porphyry Cu–Au deposits in thick and thin arcs form by two distinct magmatic evolution precursors. In thick arcs porphyry Cu–Au deposits are tied to the deep crust build-up of large volumes of magmas, volatiles and metals. These large volumes of magmas are H₂O-undersaturated and need to rise to shallow level to exsolve fluids and metals. In contrast, porphyry Cu–Au deposits in thin arcs form by little differentiated mantle-derived magmas that rise directly to shallow crustal levels where they exsolve fluids and metals. These two distinct magmatic pathways of porphyry Cu–Au generation are ultimately controlled by the different arc thicknesses in the two environments, even though the processes of metal precipitation in the actual deposits of the shallow crust are similar. The model discussed here may stimulate the development of new tools for the exploration of porphyry deposits in the distinct environments of thick and thin arcs.

.

José Vizquerra

/ /

Massimo Chiaradia is Senior Lecturer at the Department of Earth Sciences of the University of Geneva (Switzerland). He obtained his MSc at the University of Padova (Italy) and a PhD in Earth Sciences at the University of Fribourg (Switzerland). His research focuses on the petrogenesis of arc magmas with implications for continental crust formation and the relationship between magma chemistry, dynamics of subduction zones and the formation of porphyry-type deposits. To carry out his research Massimo combines fieldwork with various analytical techniques including petrography and ore microscopy, mineral and rock geochemistry, light and heavy stable isotopes, radiogenic isotopes and high-precision radiometric dating.

Cyril Chelle-Michou es profesor de Sistemas de Recursos Minerales en la ETH de Zúrich (Suiza).  Su investigación adopta un enfoque interdisciplinario en el que se entrelazan métodos, datos y conceptos que abarcan una amplia gama de campos para desentrañar los procesos que han dado forma a nuestro planeta y generado los recursos naturales de los que depende nuestra sociedad. Se interesa principalmente por cuantificar los procesos geológicos que modulan el tamaño de los yacimientos magmáticos-hidrotermales y alojados en sedimentos, y por desarrollar nuevos métodos de exploración y herramientas de decisión que ayuden a localizar los yacimientos más importantes lo antes posible, con el fin de reducir los riesgos económicos y el impacto medioambiental al identificar yacimientos cada vez más profundos.

/ /

Porphyry Cu–Au deposits are the major global source of copper, an essential metal for the green transition, and a significant source of gold. They occur both in thick continental and thin oceanic arcs at depths between ∼1 and ∼6 km above parental magma chambers situated at ∼5–15 km depth. Although it is believed that the metal precipitation processes for these deposits are the same in thin and thick arcs, it is not clear why porphyry deposits in these two environments display different Cu and Au endowments and different Au/Cu ratios. Using mass balance petrological modeling, I argue that porphyry Cu–Au deposits in thick and thin arcs form by two distinct magmatic evolution precursors. In thick arcs porphyry Cu–Au deposits are tied to the deep crust build-up of large volumes of magmas, volatiles and metals. These large volumes of magmas are H₂O-undersaturated and need to rise to shallow level to exsolve fluids and metals. In contrast, porphyry Cu–Au deposits in thin arcs form by little differentiated mantle-derived magmas that rise directly to shallow crustal levels where they exsolve fluids and metals. These two distinct magmatic pathways of porphyry Cu–Au generation are ultimately controlled by the different arc thicknesses in the two environments, even though the processes of metal precipitation in the actual deposits of the shallow crust are similar. The model discussed here may stimulate the development of new tools for the exploration of porphyry deposits in the distinct environments of thick and thin arcs.

.

Luis Giraldo

/ /

Massimo Chiaradia is Senior Lecturer at the Department of Earth Sciences of the University of Geneva (Switzerland). He obtained his MSc at the University of Padova (Italy) and a PhD in Earth Sciences at the University of Fribourg (Switzerland). His research focuses on the petrogenesis of arc magmas with implications for continental crust formation and the relationship between magma chemistry, dynamics of subduction zones and the formation of porphyry-type deposits. To carry out his research Massimo combines fieldwork with various analytical techniques including petrography and ore microscopy, mineral and rock geochemistry, light and heavy stable isotopes, radiogenic isotopes and high-precision radiometric dating.

Cyril Chelle-Michou es profesor de Sistemas de Recursos Minerales en la ETH de Zúrich (Suiza).  Su investigación adopta un enfoque interdisciplinario en el que se entrelazan métodos, datos y conceptos que abarcan una amplia gama de campos para desentrañar los procesos que han dado forma a nuestro planeta y generado los recursos naturales de los que depende nuestra sociedad. Se interesa principalmente por cuantificar los procesos geológicos que modulan el tamaño de los yacimientos magmáticos-hidrotermales y alojados en sedimentos, y por desarrollar nuevos métodos de exploración y herramientas de decisión que ayuden a localizar los yacimientos más importantes lo antes posible, con el fin de reducir los riesgos económicos y el impacto medioambiental al identificar yacimientos cada vez más profundos.

/ /

Porphyry Cu–Au deposits are the major global source of copper, an essential metal for the green transition, and a significant source of gold. They occur both in thick continental and thin oceanic arcs at depths between ∼1 and ∼6 km above parental magma chambers situated at ∼5–15 km depth. Although it is believed that the metal precipitation processes for these deposits are the same in thin and thick arcs, it is not clear why porphyry deposits in these two environments display different Cu and Au endowments and different Au/Cu ratios. Using mass balance petrological modeling, I argue that porphyry Cu–Au deposits in thick and thin arcs form by two distinct magmatic evolution precursors. In thick arcs porphyry Cu–Au deposits are tied to the deep crust build-up of large volumes of magmas, volatiles and metals. These large volumes of magmas are H₂O-undersaturated and need to rise to shallow level to exsolve fluids and metals. In contrast, porphyry Cu–Au deposits in thin arcs form by little differentiated mantle-derived magmas that rise directly to shallow crustal levels where they exsolve fluids and metals. These two distinct magmatic pathways of porphyry Cu–Au generation are ultimately controlled by the different arc thicknesses in the two environments, even though the processes of metal precipitation in the actual deposits of the shallow crust are similar. The model discussed here may stimulate the development of new tools for the exploration of porphyry deposits in the distinct environments of thick and thin arcs.

.

Víctor Torres

/ /

Massimo Chiaradia is Senior Lecturer at the Department of Earth Sciences of the University of Geneva (Switzerland). He obtained his MSc at the University of Padova (Italy) and a PhD in Earth Sciences at the University of Fribourg (Switzerland). His research focuses on the petrogenesis of arc magmas with implications for continental crust formation and the relationship between magma chemistry, dynamics of subduction zones and the formation of porphyry-type deposits. To carry out his research Massimo combines fieldwork with various analytical techniques including petrography and ore microscopy, mineral and rock geochemistry, light and heavy stable isotopes, radiogenic isotopes and high-precision radiometric dating.

Cyril Chelle-Michou es profesor de Sistemas de Recursos Minerales en la ETH de Zúrich (Suiza).  Su investigación adopta un enfoque interdisciplinario en el que se entrelazan métodos, datos y conceptos que abarcan una amplia gama de campos para desentrañar los procesos que han dado forma a nuestro planeta y generado los recursos naturales de los que depende nuestra sociedad. Se interesa principalmente por cuantificar los procesos geológicos que modulan el tamaño de los yacimientos magmáticos-hidrotermales y alojados en sedimentos, y por desarrollar nuevos métodos de exploración y herramientas de decisión que ayuden a localizar los yacimientos más importantes lo antes posible, con el fin de reducir los riesgos económicos y el impacto medioambiental al identificar yacimientos cada vez más profundos.

/ /

Porphyry Cu–Au deposits are the major global source of copper, an essential metal for the green transition, and a significant source of gold. They occur both in thick continental and thin oceanic arcs at depths between ∼1 and ∼6 km above parental magma chambers situated at ∼5–15 km depth. Although it is believed that the metal precipitation processes for these deposits are the same in thin and thick arcs, it is not clear why porphyry deposits in these two environments display different Cu and Au endowments and different Au/Cu ratios. Using mass balance petrological modeling, I argue that porphyry Cu–Au deposits in thick and thin arcs form by two distinct magmatic evolution precursors. In thick arcs porphyry Cu–Au deposits are tied to the deep crust build-up of large volumes of magmas, volatiles and metals. These large volumes of magmas are H₂O-undersaturated and need to rise to shallow level to exsolve fluids and metals. In contrast, porphyry Cu–Au deposits in thin arcs form by little differentiated mantle-derived magmas that rise directly to shallow crustal levels where they exsolve fluids and metals. These two distinct magmatic pathways of porphyry Cu–Au generation are ultimately controlled by the different arc thicknesses in the two environments, even though the processes of metal precipitation in the actual deposits of the shallow crust are similar. The model discussed here may stimulate the development of new tools for the exploration of porphyry deposits in the distinct environments of thick and thin arcs.

.

David Dávila

/ /

Massimo Chiaradia is Senior Lecturer at the Department of Earth Sciences of the University of Geneva (Switzerland). He obtained his MSc at the University of Padova (Italy) and a PhD in Earth Sciences at the University of Fribourg (Switzerland). His research focuses on the petrogenesis of arc magmas with implications for continental crust formation and the relationship between magma chemistry, dynamics of subduction zones and the formation of porphyry-type deposits. To carry out his research Massimo combines fieldwork with various analytical techniques including petrography and ore microscopy, mineral and rock geochemistry, light and heavy stable isotopes, radiogenic isotopes and high-precision radiometric dating.

Cyril Chelle-Michou es profesor de Sistemas de Recursos Minerales en la ETH de Zúrich (Suiza).  Su investigación adopta un enfoque interdisciplinario en el que se entrelazan métodos, datos y conceptos que abarcan una amplia gama de campos para desentrañar los procesos que han dado forma a nuestro planeta y generado los recursos naturales de los que depende nuestra sociedad. Se interesa principalmente por cuantificar los procesos geológicos que modulan el tamaño de los yacimientos magmáticos-hidrotermales y alojados en sedimentos, y por desarrollar nuevos métodos de exploración y herramientas de decisión que ayuden a localizar los yacimientos más importantes lo antes posible, con el fin de reducir los riesgos económicos y el impacto medioambiental al identificar yacimientos cada vez más profundos.

/ /

Porphyry Cu–Au deposits are the major global source of copper, an essential metal for the green transition, and a significant source of gold. They occur both in thick continental and thin oceanic arcs at depths between ∼1 and ∼6 km above parental magma chambers situated at ∼5–15 km depth. Although it is believed that the metal precipitation processes for these deposits are the same in thin and thick arcs, it is not clear why porphyry deposits in these two environments display different Cu and Au endowments and different Au/Cu ratios. Using mass balance petrological modeling, I argue that porphyry Cu–Au deposits in thick and thin arcs form by two distinct magmatic evolution precursors. In thick arcs porphyry Cu–Au deposits are tied to the deep crust build-up of large volumes of magmas, volatiles and metals. These large volumes of magmas are H₂O-undersaturated and need to rise to shallow level to exsolve fluids and metals. In contrast, porphyry Cu–Au deposits in thin arcs form by little differentiated mantle-derived magmas that rise directly to shallow crustal levels where they exsolve fluids and metals. These two distinct magmatic pathways of porphyry Cu–Au generation are ultimately controlled by the different arc thicknesses in the two environments, even though the processes of metal precipitation in the actual deposits of the shallow crust are similar. The model discussed here may stimulate the development of new tools for the exploration of porphyry deposits in the distinct environments of thick and thin arcs.

.

Jeffrey Hedenquist

/ /

Massimo Chiaradia is Senior Lecturer at the Department of Earth Sciences of the University of Geneva (Switzerland). He obtained his MSc at the University of Padova (Italy) and a PhD in Earth Sciences at the University of Fribourg (Switzerland). His research focuses on the petrogenesis of arc magmas with implications for continental crust formation and the relationship between magma chemistry, dynamics of subduction zones and the formation of porphyry-type deposits. To carry out his research Massimo combines fieldwork with various analytical techniques including petrography and ore microscopy, mineral and rock geochemistry, light and heavy stable isotopes, radiogenic isotopes and high-precision radiometric dating.

Cyril Chelle-Michou es profesor de Sistemas de Recursos Minerales en la ETH de Zúrich (Suiza).  Su investigación adopta un enfoque interdisciplinario en el que se entrelazan métodos, datos y conceptos que abarcan una amplia gama de campos para desentrañar los procesos que han dado forma a nuestro planeta y generado los recursos naturales de los que depende nuestra sociedad. Se interesa principalmente por cuantificar los procesos geológicos que modulan el tamaño de los yacimientos magmáticos-hidrotermales y alojados en sedimentos, y por desarrollar nuevos métodos de exploración y herramientas de decisión que ayuden a localizar los yacimientos más importantes lo antes posible, con el fin de reducir los riesgos económicos y el impacto medioambiental al identificar yacimientos cada vez más profundos.

Jeffrey Hedenquist es asesor independiente de la industria minera y de grupos gubernamentales en la exploración y evaluación de proyectos hidrotermales de oro y cobre. Ha trabajado para unas 120 empresas en más de 40 países, incluyendo la capacitación en campo y en el aula. Antes de 1999 pasó 10 años en sendos institutos gubernamentales de Nueva Zelanda y Japón, trabajando en el desarrollo de la energía geotérmica y las descargas volcánicas; durante este tiempo también estudió la formación de yacimientos epitermales y de pórfidos. El Dr. Hedenquist también es profesor adjunto en la Universidad de Ottawa.

/ /

Porphyry Cu–Au deposits are the major global source of copper, an essential metal for the green transition, and a significant source of gold. They occur both in thick continental and thin oceanic arcs at depths between ∼1 and ∼6 km above parental magma chambers situated at ∼5–15 km depth. Although it is believed that the metal precipitation processes for these deposits are the same in thin and thick arcs, it is not clear why porphyry deposits in these two environments display different Cu and Au endowments and different Au/Cu ratios. Using mass balance petrological modeling, I argue that porphyry Cu–Au deposits in thick and thin arcs form by two distinct magmatic evolution precursors. In thick arcs porphyry Cu–Au deposits are tied to the deep crust build-up of large volumes of magmas, volatiles and metals. These large volumes of magmas are H₂O-undersaturated and need to rise to shallow level to exsolve fluids and metals. In contrast, porphyry Cu–Au deposits in thin arcs form by little differentiated mantle-derived magmas that rise directly to shallow crustal levels where they exsolve fluids and metals. These two distinct magmatic pathways of porphyry Cu–Au generation are ultimately controlled by the different arc thicknesses in the two environments, even though the processes of metal precipitation in the actual deposits of the shallow crust are similar. The model discussed here may stimulate the development of new tools for the exploration of porphyry deposits in the distinct environments of thick and thin arcs.

.

Willy López Mogrovejo, Ramón Sánchez Rodas and Willy R. López Tejada

Johan Ramírez, Lisard Torró, Jorge E. Spangenberg, Patrick Quispe, Jean Vallance, Silvia Rosas, Luis Giraldo, Jorge Gamarra, Álvaro Fernández-Baca, Torsten Vennemann, Antoni Camprubi and Lluís Fontboté

/

/

Joaquin Copaja

/ /

/ /

David Cooke

/ / /

David Cooke es el director de CODES, el Centro de Depósitos Minerales y Ciencias de la Tierra de la Universidad de Tasmania. En colaboración con sus estudiantes, becarios de investigación postdoctoral y colegas investigadores, David ha estado investigando los procesos hidrotermales y magmáticos que conducen a la formación de minerales de pórfido de cobre y oro epitermal desde mediados de la década de 1980. El equipo de David también ha estudiado los halos mineralógicos y geoquímicos de los yacimientos de pórfidos y epitermales durante casi dos décadas, desarrollando nuevas herramientas de exploración geoquímica para la industria de los minerales, lo que fue reconocido con el Premio Internacional AMIRA a la Excelencia en Investigación Geocientífica en 2012. David recibió el premio de conferencista Thayer Lindsley de la Sociedad de Geólogos Económicos en 2005, la medalla de plata de la SEG en 2013, la medalla Haddon Forrester King de la Academia Australiana de Ciencias en 2018 y fue conferencista distinguido de la SEG en 2021. Es editor asociado de Economic Geology desde 2001.

/ / /

Renzo Yaringaño, Raul Arquaz, Nicolli Duarte, Ram Betancourt and Chico Azevedo

/ / /

David Cooke es el director de CODES, el Centro de Depósitos Minerales y Ciencias de la Tierra de la Universidad de Tasmania. En colaboración con sus estudiantes, becarios de investigación postdoctoral y colegas investigadores, David ha estado investigando los procesos hidrotermales y magmáticos que conducen a la formación de minerales de pórfido de cobre y oro epitermal desde mediados de la década de 1980. El equipo de David también ha estudiado los halos mineralógicos y geoquímicos de los yacimientos de pórfidos y epitermales durante casi dos décadas, desarrollando nuevas herramientas de exploración geoquímica para la industria de los minerales, lo que fue reconocido con el Premio Internacional AMIRA a la Excelencia en Investigación Geocientífica en 2012. David recibió el premio de conferencista Thayer Lindsley de la Sociedad de Geólogos Económicos en 2005, la medalla de plata de la SEG en 2013, la medalla Haddon Forrester King de la Academia Australiana de Ciencias en 2018 y fue conferencista distinguido de la SEG en 2021. Es editor asociado de Economic Geology desde 2001.

/ / / /

Rafael Ramos, Leonel Quispe and César Chávez

/ / /

David Cooke es el director de CODES, el Centro de Depósitos Minerales y Ciencias de la Tierra de la Universidad de Tasmania. En colaboración con sus estudiantes, becarios de investigación postdoctoral y colegas investigadores, David ha estado investigando los procesos hidrotermales y magmáticos que conducen a la formación de minerales de pórfido de cobre y oro epitermal desde mediados de la década de 1980. El equipo de David también ha estudiado los halos mineralógicos y geoquímicos de los yacimientos de pórfidos y epitermales durante casi dos décadas, desarrollando nuevas herramientas de exploración geoquímica para la industria de los minerales, lo que fue reconocido con el Premio Internacional AMIRA a la Excelencia en Investigación Geocientífica en 2012. David recibió el premio de conferencista Thayer Lindsley de la Sociedad de Geólogos Económicos en 2005, la medalla de plata de la SEG en 2013, la medalla Haddon Forrester King de la Academia Australiana de Ciencias en 2018 y fue conferencista distinguido de la SEG en 2021. Es editor asociado de Economic Geology desde 2001.

/ / / / /

Sergio Giglio, Miguel Tapia, Milenko Gonzalez, Pablo Bernabe and Constantino Mpodozis

/ / /

David Cooke es el director de CODES, el Centro de Depósitos Minerales y Ciencias de la Tierra de la Universidad de Tasmania. En colaboración con sus estudiantes, becarios de investigación postdoctoral y colegas investigadores, David ha estado investigando los procesos hidrotermales y magmáticos que conducen a la formación de minerales de pórfido de cobre y oro epitermal desde mediados de la década de 1980. El equipo de David también ha estudiado los halos mineralógicos y geoquímicos de los yacimientos de pórfidos y epitermales durante casi dos décadas, desarrollando nuevas herramientas de exploración geoquímica para la industria de los minerales, lo que fue reconocido con el Premio Internacional AMIRA a la Excelencia en Investigación Geocientífica en 2012. David recibió el premio de conferencista Thayer Lindsley de la Sociedad de Geólogos Económicos en 2005, la medalla de plata de la SEG en 2013, la medalla Haddon Forrester King de la Academia Australiana de Ciencias en 2018 y fue conferencista distinguido de la SEG en 2021. Es editor asociado de Economic Geology desde 2001.

/ / / / / /

Sergio Giglio, Miguel Tapia, Boris Alarcón, Javier Alfaro, Manuel Navarro and Constantino Mpodozis

/ / /

David Cooke es el director de CODES, el Centro de Depósitos Minerales y Ciencias de la Tierra de la Universidad de Tasmania. En colaboración con sus estudiantes, becarios de investigación postdoctoral y colegas investigadores, David ha estado investigando los procesos hidrotermales y magmáticos que conducen a la formación de minerales de pórfido de cobre y oro epitermal desde mediados de la década de 1980. El equipo de David también ha estudiado los halos mineralógicos y geoquímicos de los yacimientos de pórfidos y epitermales durante casi dos décadas, desarrollando nuevas herramientas de exploración geoquímica para la industria de los minerales, lo que fue reconocido con el Premio Internacional AMIRA a la Excelencia en Investigación Geocientífica en 2012. David recibió el premio de conferencista Thayer Lindsley de la Sociedad de Geólogos Económicos en 2005, la medalla de plata de la SEG en 2013, la medalla Haddon Forrester King de la Academia Australiana de Ciencias en 2018 y fue conferencista distinguido de la SEG en 2021. Es editor asociado de Economic Geology desde 2001.

/ / / / / / /

Thierry P.A. Sempere

/ / /

David Cooke es el director de CODES, el Centro de Depósitos Minerales y Ciencias de la Tierra de la Universidad de Tasmania. En colaboración con sus estudiantes, becarios de investigación postdoctoral y colegas investigadores, David ha estado investigando los procesos hidrotermales y magmáticos que conducen a la formación de minerales de pórfido de cobre y oro epitermal desde mediados de la década de 1980. El equipo de David también ha estudiado los halos mineralógicos y geoquímicos de los yacimientos de pórfidos y epitermales durante casi dos décadas, desarrollando nuevas herramientas de exploración geoquímica para la industria de los minerales, lo que fue reconocido con el Premio Internacional AMIRA a la Excelencia en Investigación Geocientífica en 2012. David recibió el premio de conferencista Thayer Lindsley de la Sociedad de Geólogos Económicos en 2005, la medalla de plata de la SEG en 2013, la medalla Haddon Forrester King de la Academia Australiana de Ciencias en 2018 y fue conferencista distinguido de la SEG en 2021. Es editor asociado de Economic Geology desde 2001.

/ / / / / / / /

Anne J.B. Thompson

/ / /

David Cooke es el director de CODES, el Centro de Depósitos Minerales y Ciencias de la Tierra de la Universidad de Tasmania. En colaboración con sus estudiantes, becarios de investigación postdoctoral y colegas investigadores, David ha estado investigando los procesos hidrotermales y magmáticos que conducen a la formación de minerales de pórfido de cobre y oro epitermal desde mediados de la década de 1980. El equipo de David también ha estudiado los halos mineralógicos y geoquímicos de los yacimientos de pórfidos y epitermales durante casi dos décadas, desarrollando nuevas herramientas de exploración geoquímica para la industria de los minerales, lo que fue reconocido con el Premio Internacional AMIRA a la Excelencia en Investigación Geocientífica en 2012. David recibió el premio de conferencista Thayer Lindsley de la Sociedad de Geólogos Económicos en 2005, la medalla de plata de la SEG en 2013, la medalla Haddon Forrester King de la Academia Australiana de Ciencias en 2018 y fue conferencista distinguido de la SEG en 2021. Es editor asociado de Economic Geology desde 2001.

Anne Thompson cuenta con 35 años de experiencia laboral y de consultoría en la industria de la exploración minera, incluyendo el trabajo de campo y la mineralogía aplicada, proporcionando enfoques innovadores para el mapeo de minerales de alteración.  Fue una de las primeras en adoptar la espectroscopia de campo y coeditó el Atlas de Alteración, un recurso utilizado por geólogos de exploración. La empresa de Anne, PetraScience, se asocia ahora con John Thompson, centrándose en la tecnología, sostenibilidad e innovación en la industria minera.  Anne es la productora y presentadora del podcast SEG Discovery to Recovery y es autora de Innovation in Mineral Exploration, publicado por la Asociación de Prospectores y Desarrolladores de Canadá.  Anne forma parte de la lista de las 100 mujeres inspiradoras de la minería global de WIMUK de 2020.

/ / / / / / / / /

Michelle Peñaherrera, Jhuliana Macas, Haizea Arratibel and Diana Méndez

/ / /

David Cooke es el director de CODES, el Centro de Depósitos Minerales y Ciencias de la Tierra de la Universidad de Tasmania. En colaboración con sus estudiantes, becarios de investigación postdoctoral y colegas investigadores, David ha estado investigando los procesos hidrotermales y magmáticos que conducen a la formación de minerales de pórfido de cobre y oro epitermal desde mediados de la década de 1980. El equipo de David también ha estudiado los halos mineralógicos y geoquímicos de los yacimientos de pórfidos y epitermales durante casi dos décadas, desarrollando nuevas herramientas de exploración geoquímica para la industria de los minerales, lo que fue reconocido con el Premio Internacional AMIRA a la Excelencia en Investigación Geocientífica en 2012. David recibió el premio de conferencista Thayer Lindsley de la Sociedad de Geólogos Económicos en 2005, la medalla de plata de la SEG en 2013, la medalla Haddon Forrester King de la Academia Australiana de Ciencias en 2018 y fue conferencista distinguido de la SEG en 2021. Es editor asociado de Economic Geology desde 2001.

Anne Thompson cuenta con 35 años de experiencia laboral y de consultoría en la industria de la exploración minera, incluyendo el trabajo de campo y la mineralogía aplicada, proporcionando enfoques innovadores para el mapeo de minerales de alteración.  Fue una de las primeras en adoptar la espectroscopia de campo y coeditó el Atlas de Alteración, un recurso utilizado por geólogos de exploración. La empresa de Anne, PetraScience, se asocia ahora con John Thompson, centrándose en la tecnología, sostenibilidad e innovación en la industria minera.  Anne es la productora y presentadora del podcast SEG Discovery to Recovery y es autora de Innovation in Mineral Exploration, publicado por la Asociación de Prospectores y Desarrolladores de Canadá.  Anne forma parte de la lista de las 100 mujeres inspiradoras de la minería global de WIMUK de 2020.

/ / / / / / / / / /

John P. Hayes, Zaraí Toledo Orozco, Katherine McKiernan and Freddy Cáceres

/ / /

David Cooke es el director de CODES, el Centro de Depósitos Minerales y Ciencias de la Tierra de la Universidad de Tasmania. En colaboración con sus estudiantes, becarios de investigación postdoctoral y colegas investigadores, David ha estado investigando los procesos hidrotermales y magmáticos que conducen a la formación de minerales de pórfido de cobre y oro epitermal desde mediados de la década de 1980. El equipo de David también ha estudiado los halos mineralógicos y geoquímicos de los yacimientos de pórfidos y epitermales durante casi dos décadas, desarrollando nuevas herramientas de exploración geoquímica para la industria de los minerales, lo que fue reconocido con el Premio Internacional AMIRA a la Excelencia en Investigación Geocientífica en 2012. David recibió el premio de conferencista Thayer Lindsley de la Sociedad de Geólogos Económicos en 2005, la medalla de plata de la SEG en 2013, la medalla Haddon Forrester King de la Academia Australiana de Ciencias en 2018 y fue conferencista distinguido de la SEG en 2021. Es editor asociado de Economic Geology desde 2001.

Anne Thompson cuenta con 35 años de experiencia laboral y de consultoría en la industria de la exploración minera, incluyendo el trabajo de campo y la mineralogía aplicada, proporcionando enfoques innovadores para el mapeo de minerales de alteración.  Fue una de las primeras en adoptar la espectroscopia de campo y coeditó el Atlas de Alteración, un recurso utilizado por geólogos de exploración. La empresa de Anne, PetraScience, se asocia ahora con John Thompson, centrándose en la tecnología, sostenibilidad e innovación en la industria minera.  Anne es la productora y presentadora del podcast SEG Discovery to Recovery y es autora de Innovation in Mineral Exploration, publicado por la Asociación de Prospectores y Desarrolladores de Canadá.  Anne forma parte de la lista de las 100 mujeres inspiradoras de la minería global de WIMUK de 2020.

/ / / / / / / / / / /

Ernesto Santiago Pye Orezzoli and Gary Ayala Ochoa

/ / /

David Cooke es el director de CODES, el Centro de Depósitos Minerales y Ciencias de la Tierra de la Universidad de Tasmania. En colaboración con sus estudiantes, becarios de investigación postdoctoral y colegas investigadores, David ha estado investigando los procesos hidrotermales y magmáticos que conducen a la formación de minerales de pórfido de cobre y oro epitermal desde mediados de la década de 1980. El equipo de David también ha estudiado los halos mineralógicos y geoquímicos de los yacimientos de pórfidos y epitermales durante casi dos décadas, desarrollando nuevas herramientas de exploración geoquímica para la industria de los minerales, lo que fue reconocido con el Premio Internacional AMIRA a la Excelencia en Investigación Geocientífica en 2012. David recibió el premio de conferencista Thayer Lindsley de la Sociedad de Geólogos Económicos en 2005, la medalla de plata de la SEG en 2013, la medalla Haddon Forrester King de la Academia Australiana de Ciencias en 2018 y fue conferencista distinguido de la SEG en 2021. Es editor asociado de Economic Geology desde 2001.

Anne Thompson cuenta con 35 años de experiencia laboral y de consultoría en la industria de la exploración minera, incluyendo el trabajo de campo y la mineralogía aplicada, proporcionando enfoques innovadores para el mapeo de minerales de alteración.  Fue una de las primeras en adoptar la espectroscopia de campo y coeditó el Atlas de Alteración, un recurso utilizado por geólogos de exploración. La empresa de Anne, PetraScience, se asocia ahora con John Thompson, centrándose en la tecnología, sostenibilidad e innovación en la industria minera.  Anne es la productora y presentadora del podcast SEG Discovery to Recovery y es autora de Innovation in Mineral Exploration, publicado por la Asociación de Prospectores y Desarrolladores de Canadá.  Anne forma parte de la lista de las 100 mujeres inspiradoras de la minería global de WIMUK de 2020.

/ / / / / / / / / / / /

Jorge Luis James Callau

/ / /

David Cooke es el director de CODES, el Centro de Depósitos Minerales y Ciencias de la Tierra de la Universidad de Tasmania. En colaboración con sus estudiantes, becarios de investigación postdoctoral y colegas investigadores, David ha estado investigando los procesos hidrotermales y magmáticos que conducen a la formación de minerales de pórfido de cobre y oro epitermal desde mediados de la década de 1980. El equipo de David también ha estudiado los halos mineralógicos y geoquímicos de los yacimientos de pórfidos y epitermales durante casi dos décadas, desarrollando nuevas herramientas de exploración geoquímica para la industria de los minerales, lo que fue reconocido con el Premio Internacional AMIRA a la Excelencia en Investigación Geocientífica en 2012. David recibió el premio de conferencista Thayer Lindsley de la Sociedad de Geólogos Económicos en 2005, la medalla de plata de la SEG en 2013, la medalla Haddon Forrester King de la Academia Australiana de Ciencias en 2018 y fue conferencista distinguido de la SEG en 2021. Es editor asociado de Economic Geology desde 2001.

Anne Thompson cuenta con 35 años de experiencia laboral y de consultoría en la industria de la exploración minera, incluyendo el trabajo de campo y la mineralogía aplicada, proporcionando enfoques innovadores para el mapeo de minerales de alteración.  Fue una de las primeras en adoptar la espectroscopia de campo y coeditó el Atlas de Alteración, un recurso utilizado por geólogos de exploración. La empresa de Anne, PetraScience, se asocia ahora con John Thompson, centrándose en la tecnología, sostenibilidad e innovación en la industria minera.  Anne es la productora y presentadora del podcast SEG Discovery to Recovery y es autora de Innovation in Mineral Exploration, publicado por la Asociación de Prospectores y Desarrolladores de Canadá.  Anne forma parte de la lista de las 100 mujeres inspiradoras de la minería global de WIMUK de 2020.

/ / / / / / / / / / / / /

Barbara Beck and Patrice Kiener

/ / /

David Cooke es el director de CODES, el Centro de Depósitos Minerales y Ciencias de la Tierra de la Universidad de Tasmania. En colaboración con sus estudiantes, becarios de investigación postdoctoral y colegas investigadores, David ha estado investigando los procesos hidrotermales y magmáticos que conducen a la formación de minerales de pórfido de cobre y oro epitermal desde mediados de la década de 1980. El equipo de David también ha estudiado los halos mineralógicos y geoquímicos de los yacimientos de pórfidos y epitermales durante casi dos décadas, desarrollando nuevas herramientas de exploración geoquímica para la industria de los minerales, lo que fue reconocido con el Premio Internacional AMIRA a la Excelencia en Investigación Geocientífica en 2012. David recibió el premio de conferencista Thayer Lindsley de la Sociedad de Geólogos Económicos en 2005, la medalla de plata de la SEG en 2013, la medalla Haddon Forrester King de la Academia Australiana de Ciencias en 2018 y fue conferencista distinguido de la SEG en 2021. Es editor asociado de Economic Geology desde 2001.

Anne Thompson cuenta con 35 años de experiencia laboral y de consultoría en la industria de la exploración minera, incluyendo el trabajo de campo y la mineralogía aplicada, proporcionando enfoques innovadores para el mapeo de minerales de alteración.  Fue una de las primeras en adoptar la espectroscopia de campo y coeditó el Atlas de Alteración, un recurso utilizado por geólogos de exploración. La empresa de Anne, PetraScience, se asocia ahora con John Thompson, centrándose en la tecnología, sostenibilidad e innovación en la industria minera.  Anne es la productora y presentadora del podcast SEG Discovery to Recovery y es autora de Innovation in Mineral Exploration, publicado por la Asociación de Prospectores y Desarrolladores de Canadá.  Anne forma parte de la lista de las 100 mujeres inspiradoras de la minería global de WIMUK de 2020.

/ / / / / / / / / / / / / /

Alberto Rios

/ / /

David Cooke es el director de CODES, el Centro de Depósitos Minerales y Ciencias de la Tierra de la Universidad de Tasmania. En colaboración con sus estudiantes, becarios de investigación postdoctoral y colegas investigadores, David ha estado investigando los procesos hidrotermales y magmáticos que conducen a la formación de minerales de pórfido de cobre y oro epitermal desde mediados de la década de 1980. El equipo de David también ha estudiado los halos mineralógicos y geoquímicos de los yacimientos de pórfidos y epitermales durante casi dos décadas, desarrollando nuevas herramientas de exploración geoquímica para la industria de los minerales, lo que fue reconocido con el Premio Internacional AMIRA a la Excelencia en Investigación Geocientífica en 2012. David recibió el premio de conferencista Thayer Lindsley de la Sociedad de Geólogos Económicos en 2005, la medalla de plata de la SEG en 2013, la medalla Haddon Forrester King de la Academia Australiana de Ciencias en 2018 y fue conferencista distinguido de la SEG en 2021. Es editor asociado de Economic Geology desde 2001.

Anne Thompson cuenta con 35 años de experiencia laboral y de consultoría en la industria de la exploración minera, incluyendo el trabajo de campo y la mineralogía aplicada, proporcionando enfoques innovadores para el mapeo de minerales de alteración.  Fue una de las primeras en adoptar la espectroscopia de campo y coeditó el Atlas de Alteración, un recurso utilizado por geólogos de exploración. La empresa de Anne, PetraScience, se asocia ahora con John Thompson, centrándose en la tecnología, sostenibilidad e innovación en la industria minera.  Anne es la productora y presentadora del podcast SEG Discovery to Recovery y es autora de Innovation in Mineral Exploration, publicado por la Asociación de Prospectores y Desarrolladores de Canadá.  Anne forma parte de la lista de las 100 mujeres inspiradoras de la minería global de WIMUK de 2020.

/ / / / / / / / / / / / / / /

Luis Vela

/ / /

David Cooke es el director de CODES, el Centro de Depósitos Minerales y Ciencias de la Tierra de la Universidad de Tasmania. En colaboración con sus estudiantes, becarios de investigación postdoctoral y colegas investigadores, David ha estado investigando los procesos hidrotermales y magmáticos que conducen a la formación de minerales de pórfido de cobre y oro epitermal desde mediados de la década de 1980. El equipo de David también ha estudiado los halos mineralógicos y geoquímicos de los yacimientos de pórfidos y epitermales durante casi dos décadas, desarrollando nuevas herramientas de exploración geoquímica para la industria de los minerales, lo que fue reconocido con el Premio Internacional AMIRA a la Excelencia en Investigación Geocientífica en 2012. David recibió el premio de conferencista Thayer Lindsley de la Sociedad de Geólogos Económicos en 2005, la medalla de plata de la SEG en 2013, la medalla Haddon Forrester King de la Academia Australiana de Ciencias en 2018 y fue conferencista distinguido de la SEG en 2021. Es editor asociado de Economic Geology desde 2001.

Anne Thompson cuenta con 35 años de experiencia laboral y de consultoría en la industria de la exploración minera, incluyendo el trabajo de campo y la mineralogía aplicada, proporcionando enfoques innovadores para el mapeo de minerales de alteración.  Fue una de las primeras en adoptar la espectroscopia de campo y coeditó el Atlas de Alteración, un recurso utilizado por geólogos de exploración. La empresa de Anne, PetraScience, se asocia ahora con John Thompson, centrándose en la tecnología, sostenibilidad e innovación en la industria minera.  Anne es la productora y presentadora del podcast SEG Discovery to Recovery y es autora de Innovation in Mineral Exploration, publicado por la Asociación de Prospectores y Desarrolladores de Canadá.  Anne forma parte de la lista de las 100 mujeres inspiradoras de la minería global de WIMUK de 2020.

/ / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /

Torsten Danne

/ / /

David Cooke es el director de CODES, el Centro de Depósitos Minerales y Ciencias de la Tierra de la Universidad de Tasmania. En colaboración con sus estudiantes, becarios de investigación postdoctoral y colegas investigadores, David ha estado investigando los procesos hidrotermales y magmáticos que conducen a la formación de minerales de pórfido de cobre y oro epitermal desde mediados de la década de 1980. El equipo de David también ha estudiado los halos mineralógicos y geoquímicos de los yacimientos de pórfidos y epitermales durante casi dos décadas, desarrollando nuevas herramientas de exploración geoquímica para la industria de los minerales, lo que fue reconocido con el Premio Internacional AMIRA a la Excelencia en Investigación Geocientífica en 2012. David recibió el premio de conferencista Thayer Lindsley de la Sociedad de Geólogos Económicos en 2005, la medalla de plata de la SEG en 2013, la medalla Haddon Forrester King de la Academia Australiana de Ciencias en 2018 y fue conferencista distinguido de la SEG en 2021. Es editor asociado de Economic Geology desde 2001.

Anne Thompson cuenta con 35 años de experiencia laboral y de consultoría en la industria de la exploración minera, incluyendo el trabajo de campo y la mineralogía aplicada, proporcionando enfoques innovadores para el mapeo de minerales de alteración.  Fue una de las primeras en adoptar la espectroscopia de campo y coeditó el Atlas de Alteración, un recurso utilizado por geólogos de exploración. La empresa de Anne, PetraScience, se asocia ahora con John Thompson, centrándose en la tecnología, sostenibilidad e innovación en la industria minera.  Anne es la productora y presentadora del podcast SEG Discovery to Recovery y es autora de Innovation in Mineral Exploration, publicado por la Asociación de Prospectores y Desarrolladores de Canadá.  Anne forma parte de la lista de las 100 mujeres inspiradoras de la minería global de WIMUK de 2020.

/ / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /

John Thompson

/ / /

David Cooke es el director de CODES, el Centro de Depósitos Minerales y Ciencias de la Tierra de la Universidad de Tasmania. En colaboración con sus estudiantes, becarios de investigación postdoctoral y colegas investigadores, David ha estado investigando los procesos hidrotermales y magmáticos que conducen a la formación de minerales de pórfido de cobre y oro epitermal desde mediados de la década de 1980. El equipo de David también ha estudiado los halos mineralógicos y geoquímicos de los yacimientos de pórfidos y epitermales durante casi dos décadas, desarrollando nuevas herramientas de exploración geoquímica para la industria de los minerales, lo que fue reconocido con el Premio Internacional AMIRA a la Excelencia en Investigación Geocientífica en 2012. David recibió el premio de conferencista Thayer Lindsley de la Sociedad de Geólogos Económicos en 2005, la medalla de plata de la SEG en 2013, la medalla Haddon Forrester King de la Academia Australiana de Ciencias en 2018 y fue conferencista distinguido de la SEG en 2021. Es editor asociado de Economic Geology desde 2001.

Anne Thompson cuenta con 35 años de experiencia laboral y de consultoría en la industria de la exploración minera, incluyendo el trabajo de campo y la mineralogía aplicada, proporcionando enfoques innovadores para el mapeo de minerales de alteración.  Fue una de las primeras en adoptar la espectroscopia de campo y coeditó el Atlas de Alteración, un recurso utilizado por geólogos de exploración. La empresa de Anne, PetraScience, se asocia ahora con John Thompson, centrándose en la tecnología, sostenibilidad e innovación en la industria minera.  Anne es la productora y presentadora del podcast SEG Discovery to Recovery y es autora de Innovation in Mineral Exploration, publicado por la Asociación de Prospectores y Desarrolladores de Canadá.  Anne forma parte de la lista de las 100 mujeres inspiradoras de la minería global de WIMUK de 2020.

John partners in a consulting business based in Vancouver, BC, focused on exploration, mining, innovation and sustainability.  He combines academic experience – Professor of Responsible Resources at the University Bristol and prior positions at Cornell University and the University of British Columbia, and industry experience – 35 years in mining and exploration.  He is a director of KoBold Metals and MineSense, a founder of Regeneration, and has advisory roles for several exploration, technology, venture capital and research organizations.

/ / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /

Mineral exploration will be a necessity for the foreseeable future as humanity seeks to modernize our world and reduce our impact on the planet.  While nobody can dispute the underlying need, future exploration must strive to meet three goals:

• Discover quality mineral deposits with increasing efficiency and minimal impact
• Develop a comprehensive understanding of ore bodies to maximize quality 
• Engage custodians, communities and stakeholders and ensure that the building blocks are in place to maximize opportunities and benefits

Creative ideas, research and innovation will be required to meet these goals in seven key areas:

1. Develop a complete understanding of mineral systems from regional to camp and project scales – focus exploration in regions of maximum potential
2. Adopt industry-wide standards based on real ESG criteria – including comprehensive risk assessment linked to regional mineral system models 
3. Utilize new business and partnership models that create value for all
4. Pursue new systems and target types that offer opportunities for quality deposits
5. Integrate earth science and data science to significantly improve the efficiency, and minimize the footprint, of exploration and discovery
6. Enhance subsurface knowledge through geophysics, data science, drilling technology, downhole tools, and real-time/rapid chip to core analysis
7. Use analytical tools to increase ore body knowledge at a variety of scales – support evaluation, identify the most selective development options, seek extraction of multiple by-products, and reduce waste

Lisard Torró

Fredrik Sahlström, Sabina Strmić Palinkaš, Siv Hjorth Dundas, Eszter Sendula, Yanbo Cheng, Marie Wold and Rolf B. Pedersen

/

/

Murray Hitzman

/ /

Murray Hitzman holds an SFI Professorship in the School of Earth Sciences at University College Dublin and is also the Director of the Irish Centre for Research in Applied Geosciences (iCRAG).  He served as Associate Director for Energy and Minerals at the U.S. Geological Survey (2016-17) and was the Charles Fogarty Professor of Economic Geology at Colorado School of Mines from 1996-2016 where a primary research focus was the geology of the Central African Copperbelt (Democratic Republic of Congo and Zambia).  Dr. Hitzman served in Washington, D.C. as a policy analyst in both the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy (1994-96) during the Clinton Administration and the U.S. Senate (1993-94) for Senator Joseph Lieberman (CT).  He worked in the petroleum and minerals industries from 1976 to 1993 primarily conducting mineral exploration worldwide and was largely responsible for Chevron Corporation’s Lisheen Zn-Pb-Ag deposit discovery in Ireland (1990).  Hitzman has B.A. degrees in geology and anthropology from Dartmouth College (1976), an M.S. in geology from University of Washington (1978), and a Ph.D. in geology from Stanford University (1983).  He has previously served on the boards of a number of mineral exploration and mining companies and currently serves as technical advisor for the private company KoBold Metals, focused on utilizing machine learning for battery metals exploration. He has received a number of awards including the Chevron Chairman’s award for the Lisheen discovery (1992), the Society of Economic Geologists Silver Medal (1999), the Daniel C. Jackling Award by Society of Mining, Metallurgy, and Exploration and the Des Pretorius Award by the Geological Society of South Africa (both 2015), and the Haddon Forrester King Medal by the Australian Academy of Sciences (2016).

/ /

Critical metals are crucial for the delivery of the technologies society requires to meet its decarbonization goals and successfully address the current climate crisis. Although there are a number of well-established ore deposit models, few have been developed for critical metals. There is no reason to believe that economically significant concentrations of any of the newly critical elements do not exist in nature.  History demonstrates that ore deposit models are commonly developed to explain new discoveries.  However, it is also possible to develop new ore deposit models based solely on basic geochemical and geological principles. This talk will review the development of several ore deposit models, suggest some deposits for which models have not yet been developed, and utilise the specific example of hydrothermal nickel deposits in the Central African Copperbelt to illustrate how new ore deposit models for critical metals deposits may be formulated. The current impetus to discover new resources of what have been up to the present elemental curiosities should spur significant research and exploration.  Imagination is required to ensure the future of critical discovery.

José Enrique Gutiérrez, Antony Pérez, Jorge Barreda and Eliot Hidalgo

/ /

Murray Hitzman holds an SFI Professorship in the School of Earth Sciences at University College Dublin and is also the Director of the Irish Centre for Research in Applied Geosciences (iCRAG).  He served as Associate Director for Energy and Minerals at the U.S. Geological Survey (2016-17) and was the Charles Fogarty Professor of Economic Geology at Colorado School of Mines from 1996-2016 where a primary research focus was the geology of the Central African Copperbelt (Democratic Republic of Congo and Zambia).  Dr. Hitzman served in Washington, D.C. as a policy analyst in both the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy (1994-96) during the Clinton Administration and the U.S. Senate (1993-94) for Senator Joseph Lieberman (CT).  He worked in the petroleum and minerals industries from 1976 to 1993 primarily conducting mineral exploration worldwide and was largely responsible for Chevron Corporation’s Lisheen Zn-Pb-Ag deposit discovery in Ireland (1990).  Hitzman has B.A. degrees in geology and anthropology from Dartmouth College (1976), an M.S. in geology from University of Washington (1978), and a Ph.D. in geology from Stanford University (1983).  He has previously served on the boards of a number of mineral exploration and mining companies and currently serves as technical advisor for the private company KoBold Metals, focused on utilizing machine learning for battery metals exploration. He has received a number of awards including the Chevron Chairman’s award for the Lisheen discovery (1992), the Society of Economic Geologists Silver Medal (1999), the Daniel C. Jackling Award by Society of Mining, Metallurgy, and Exploration and the Des Pretorius Award by the Geological Society of South Africa (both 2015), and the Haddon Forrester King Medal by the Australian Academy of Sciences (2016).

/ /

Critical metals are crucial for the delivery of the technologies society requires to meet its decarbonization goals and successfully address the current climate crisis. Although there are a number of well-established ore deposit models, few have been developed for critical metals. There is no reason to believe that economically significant concentrations of any of the newly critical elements do not exist in nature.  History demonstrates that ore deposit models are commonly developed to explain new discoveries.  However, it is also possible to develop new ore deposit models based solely on basic geochemical and geological principles. This talk will review the development of several ore deposit models, suggest some deposits for which models have not yet been developed, and utilise the specific example of hydrothermal nickel deposits in the Central African Copperbelt to illustrate how new ore deposit models for critical metals deposits may be formulated. The current impetus to discover new resources of what have been up to the present elemental curiosities should spur significant research and exploration.  Imagination is required to ensure the future of critical discovery.

José Enrique Gutiérrez, Octavio Vargas Machuca and Cosme Soto Cordoba

/ /

Murray Hitzman holds an SFI Professorship in the School of Earth Sciences at University College Dublin and is also the Director of the Irish Centre for Research in Applied Geosciences (iCRAG).  He served as Associate Director for Energy and Minerals at the U.S. Geological Survey (2016-17) and was the Charles Fogarty Professor of Economic Geology at Colorado School of Mines from 1996-2016 where a primary research focus was the geology of the Central African Copperbelt (Democratic Republic of Congo and Zambia).  Dr. Hitzman served in Washington, D.C. as a policy analyst in both the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy (1994-96) during the Clinton Administration and the U.S. Senate (1993-94) for Senator Joseph Lieberman (CT).  He worked in the petroleum and minerals industries from 1976 to 1993 primarily conducting mineral exploration worldwide and was largely responsible for Chevron Corporation’s Lisheen Zn-Pb-Ag deposit discovery in Ireland (1990).  Hitzman has B.A. degrees in geology and anthropology from Dartmouth College (1976), an M.S. in geology from University of Washington (1978), and a Ph.D. in geology from Stanford University (1983).  He has previously served on the boards of a number of mineral exploration and mining companies and currently serves as technical advisor for the private company KoBold Metals, focused on utilizing machine learning for battery metals exploration. He has received a number of awards including the Chevron Chairman’s award for the Lisheen discovery (1992), the Society of Economic Geologists Silver Medal (1999), the Daniel C. Jackling Award by Society of Mining, Metallurgy, and Exploration and the Des Pretorius Award by the Geological Society of South Africa (both 2015), and the Haddon Forrester King Medal by the Australian Academy of Sciences (2016).

/ /

Critical metals are crucial for the delivery of the technologies society requires to meet its decarbonization goals and successfully address the current climate crisis. Although there are a number of well-established ore deposit models, few have been developed for critical metals. There is no reason to believe that economically significant concentrations of any of the newly critical elements do not exist in nature.  History demonstrates that ore deposit models are commonly developed to explain new discoveries.  However, it is also possible to develop new ore deposit models based solely on basic geochemical and geological principles. This talk will review the development of several ore deposit models, suggest some deposits for which models have not yet been developed, and utilise the specific example of hydrothermal nickel deposits in the Central African Copperbelt to illustrate how new ore deposit models for critical metals deposits may be formulated. The current impetus to discover new resources of what have been up to the present elemental curiosities should spur significant research and exploration.  Imagination is required to ensure the future of critical discovery.

Warren Pratt and Manuel Castro

/ /

Murray Hitzman holds an SFI Professorship in the School of Earth Sciences at University College Dublin and is also the Director of the Irish Centre for Research in Applied Geosciences (iCRAG).  He served as Associate Director for Energy and Minerals at the U.S. Geological Survey (2016-17) and was the Charles Fogarty Professor of Economic Geology at Colorado School of Mines from 1996-2016 where a primary research focus was the geology of the Central African Copperbelt (Democratic Republic of Congo and Zambia).  Dr. Hitzman served in Washington, D.C. as a policy analyst in both the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy (1994-96) during the Clinton Administration and the U.S. Senate (1993-94) for Senator Joseph Lieberman (CT).  He worked in the petroleum and minerals industries from 1976 to 1993 primarily conducting mineral exploration worldwide and was largely responsible for Chevron Corporation’s Lisheen Zn-Pb-Ag deposit discovery in Ireland (1990).  Hitzman has B.A. degrees in geology and anthropology from Dartmouth College (1976), an M.S. in geology from University of Washington (1978), and a Ph.D. in geology from Stanford University (1983).  He has previously served on the boards of a number of mineral exploration and mining companies and currently serves as technical advisor for the private company KoBold Metals, focused on utilizing machine learning for battery metals exploration. He has received a number of awards including the Chevron Chairman’s award for the Lisheen discovery (1992), the Society of Economic Geologists Silver Medal (1999), the Daniel C. Jackling Award by Society of Mining, Metallurgy, and Exploration and the Des Pretorius Award by the Geological Society of South Africa (both 2015), and the Haddon Forrester King Medal by the Australian Academy of Sciences (2016).

/ /

Critical metals are crucial for the delivery of the technologies society requires to meet its decarbonization goals and successfully address the current climate crisis. Although there are a number of well-established ore deposit models, few have been developed for critical metals. There is no reason to believe that economically significant concentrations of any of the newly critical elements do not exist in nature.  History demonstrates that ore deposit models are commonly developed to explain new discoveries.  However, it is also possible to develop new ore deposit models based solely on basic geochemical and geological principles. This talk will review the development of several ore deposit models, suggest some deposits for which models have not yet been developed, and utilise the specific example of hydrothermal nickel deposits in the Central African Copperbelt to illustrate how new ore deposit models for critical metals deposits may be formulated. The current impetus to discover new resources of what have been up to the present elemental curiosities should spur significant research and exploration.  Imagination is required to ensure the future of critical discovery.

Samuel Canchaya

/ /

Murray Hitzman holds an SFI Professorship in the School of Earth Sciences at University College Dublin and is also the Director of the Irish Centre for Research in Applied Geosciences (iCRAG).  He served as Associate Director for Energy and Minerals at the U.S. Geological Survey (2016-17) and was the Charles Fogarty Professor of Economic Geology at Colorado School of Mines from 1996-2016 where a primary research focus was the geology of the Central African Copperbelt (Democratic Republic of Congo and Zambia).  Dr. Hitzman served in Washington, D.C. as a policy analyst in both the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy (1994-96) during the Clinton Administration and the U.S. Senate (1993-94) for Senator Joseph Lieberman (CT).  He worked in the petroleum and minerals industries from 1976 to 1993 primarily conducting mineral exploration worldwide and was largely responsible for Chevron Corporation’s Lisheen Zn-Pb-Ag deposit discovery in Ireland (1990).  Hitzman has B.A. degrees in geology and anthropology from Dartmouth College (1976), an M.S. in geology from University of Washington (1978), and a Ph.D. in geology from Stanford University (1983).  He has previously served on the boards of a number of mineral exploration and mining companies and currently serves as technical advisor for the private company KoBold Metals, focused on utilizing machine learning for battery metals exploration. He has received a number of awards including the Chevron Chairman’s award for the Lisheen discovery (1992), the Society of Economic Geologists Silver Medal (1999), the Daniel C. Jackling Award by Society of Mining, Metallurgy, and Exploration and the Des Pretorius Award by the Geological Society of South Africa (both 2015), and the Haddon Forrester King Medal by the Australian Academy of Sciences (2016).

/ /

Critical metals are crucial for the delivery of the technologies society requires to meet its decarbonization goals and successfully address the current climate crisis. Although there are a number of well-established ore deposit models, few have been developed for critical metals. There is no reason to believe that economically significant concentrations of any of the newly critical elements do not exist in nature.  History demonstrates that ore deposit models are commonly developed to explain new discoveries.  However, it is also possible to develop new ore deposit models based solely on basic geochemical and geological principles. This talk will review the development of several ore deposit models, suggest some deposits for which models have not yet been developed, and utilise the specific example of hydrothermal nickel deposits in the Central African Copperbelt to illustrate how new ore deposit models for critical metals deposits may be formulated. The current impetus to discover new resources of what have been up to the present elemental curiosities should spur significant research and exploration.  Imagination is required to ensure the future of critical discovery.

Stephanie Mrozek

/ /

Murray Hitzman holds an SFI Professorship in the School of Earth Sciences at University College Dublin and is also the Director of the Irish Centre for Research in Applied Geosciences (iCRAG).  He served as Associate Director for Energy and Minerals at the U.S. Geological Survey (2016-17) and was the Charles Fogarty Professor of Economic Geology at Colorado School of Mines from 1996-2016 where a primary research focus was the geology of the Central African Copperbelt (Democratic Republic of Congo and Zambia).  Dr. Hitzman served in Washington, D.C. as a policy analyst in both the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy (1994-96) during the Clinton Administration and the U.S. Senate (1993-94) for Senator Joseph Lieberman (CT).  He worked in the petroleum and minerals industries from 1976 to 1993 primarily conducting mineral exploration worldwide and was largely responsible for Chevron Corporation’s Lisheen Zn-Pb-Ag deposit discovery in Ireland (1990).  Hitzman has B.A. degrees in geology and anthropology from Dartmouth College (1976), an M.S. in geology from University of Washington (1978), and a Ph.D. in geology from Stanford University (1983).  He has previously served on the boards of a number of mineral exploration and mining companies and currently serves as technical advisor for the private company KoBold Metals, focused on utilizing machine learning for battery metals exploration. He has received a number of awards including the Chevron Chairman’s award for the Lisheen discovery (1992), the Society of Economic Geologists Silver Medal (1999), the Daniel C. Jackling Award by Society of Mining, Metallurgy, and Exploration and the Des Pretorius Award by the Geological Society of South Africa (both 2015), and the Haddon Forrester King Medal by the Australian Academy of Sciences (2016).

Stephanie Mrozek is an Adjunct Research Associate at James Cook University (Townsville, Australia) and a Senior Geologist on the Donlin Gold project (SW Alaska). She received her Ph.D. at James Cook University (Townsville, Australia) in 2018 where she studied the world-class Antamina Cu-Zn skarn-porphyry deposit in Peru. Her research combined field observations with geochemistry, geochronology, petrography, and fluid inclusion analysis to reveal spatio-temporal relationships between porphyry emplacement, host rock composition, hydrothermal alteration, and mineralization. Stephanie has 17 years of experience in mining and exploration, with a decade of that time devoted to working on skarns.

/ /

Critical metals are crucial for the delivery of the technologies society requires to meet its decarbonization goals and successfully address the current climate crisis. Although there are a number of well-established ore deposit models, few have been developed for critical metals. There is no reason to believe that economically significant concentrations of any of the newly critical elements do not exist in nature.  History demonstrates that ore deposit models are commonly developed to explain new discoveries.  However, it is also possible to develop new ore deposit models based solely on basic geochemical and geological principles. This talk will review the development of several ore deposit models, suggest some deposits for which models have not yet been developed, and utilise the specific example of hydrothermal nickel deposits in the Central African Copperbelt to illustrate how new ore deposit models for critical metals deposits may be formulated. The current impetus to discover new resources of what have been up to the present elemental curiosities should spur significant research and exploration.  Imagination is required to ensure the future of critical discovery.

Antamina, the largest skarn in the world, surrounds a structurally controlled, NE-SW elongated, multi-phase intrusive complex emplaced between 10.96 ± 0.03 Ma and 10.23 ± 0.07 Ma (zircon CA-ID-TIMS and LA-ICP-MS ages). Both the intrusions and the mineralization (molybdenite Re-Os ages) become younger towards the SW. The large size is proposed to be related to the unusually abundant fertile intrusions and their consecutively southwestward emplacement into Cretaceous Jumasha Formation and Celendin Formation carbonate rocks at favorable depths of 4.6-3.5 km.

Moderator: Karin Torres
Panelists: Angel Espinar, Ana Amar, Mario Huapaya and Claudia Egúsquiza

/ /

Murray Hitzman holds an SFI Professorship in the School of Earth Sciences at University College Dublin and is also the Director of the Irish Centre for Research in Applied Geosciences (iCRAG).  He served as Associate Director for Energy and Minerals at the U.S. Geological Survey (2016-17) and was the Charles Fogarty Professor of Economic Geology at Colorado School of Mines from 1996-2016 where a primary research focus was the geology of the Central African Copperbelt (Democratic Republic of Congo and Zambia).  Dr. Hitzman served in Washington, D.C. as a policy analyst in both the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy (1994-96) during the Clinton Administration and the U.S. Senate (1993-94) for Senator Joseph Lieberman (CT).  He worked in the petroleum and minerals industries from 1976 to 1993 primarily conducting mineral exploration worldwide and was largely responsible for Chevron Corporation’s Lisheen Zn-Pb-Ag deposit discovery in Ireland (1990).  Hitzman has B.A. degrees in geology and anthropology from Dartmouth College (1976), an M.S. in geology from University of Washington (1978), and a Ph.D. in geology from Stanford University (1983).  He has previously served on the boards of a number of mineral exploration and mining companies and currently serves as technical advisor for the private company KoBold Metals, focused on utilizing machine learning for battery metals exploration. He has received a number of awards including the Chevron Chairman’s award for the Lisheen discovery (1992), the Society of Economic Geologists Silver Medal (1999), the Daniel C. Jackling Award by Society of Mining, Metallurgy, and Exploration and the Des Pretorius Award by the Geological Society of South Africa (both 2015), and the Haddon Forrester King Medal by the Australian Academy of Sciences (2016).

Stephanie Mrozek is an Adjunct Research Associate at James Cook University (Townsville, Australia) and a Senior Geologist on the Donlin Gold project (SW Alaska). She received her Ph.D. at James Cook University (Townsville, Australia) in 2018 where she studied the world-class Antamina Cu-Zn skarn-porphyry deposit in Peru. Her research combined field observations with geochemistry, geochronology, petrography, and fluid inclusion analysis to reveal spatio-temporal relationships between porphyry emplacement, host rock composition, hydrothermal alteration, and mineralization. Stephanie has 17 years of experience in mining and exploration, with a decade of that time devoted to working on skarns.

/ /

Critical metals are crucial for the delivery of the technologies society requires to meet its decarbonization goals and successfully address the current climate crisis. Although there are a number of well-established ore deposit models, few have been developed for critical metals. There is no reason to believe that economically significant concentrations of any of the newly critical elements do not exist in nature.  History demonstrates that ore deposit models are commonly developed to explain new discoveries.  However, it is also possible to develop new ore deposit models based solely on basic geochemical and geological principles. This talk will review the development of several ore deposit models, suggest some deposits for which models have not yet been developed, and utilise the specific example of hydrothermal nickel deposits in the Central African Copperbelt to illustrate how new ore deposit models for critical metals deposits may be formulated. The current impetus to discover new resources of what have been up to the present elemental curiosities should spur significant research and exploration.  Imagination is required to ensure the future of critical discovery.

Antamina, the largest skarn in the world, surrounds a structurally controlled, NE-SW elongated, multi-phase intrusive complex emplaced between 10.96 ± 0.03 Ma and 10.23 ± 0.07 Ma (zircon CA-ID-TIMS and LA-ICP-MS ages). Both the intrusions and the mineralization (molybdenite Re-Os ages) become younger towards the SW. The large size is proposed to be related to the unusually abundant fertile intrusions and their consecutively southwestward emplacement into Cretaceous Jumasha Formation and Celendin Formation carbonate rocks at favorable depths of 4.6-3.5 km.

Walter Tejada

/ /

Murray Hitzman holds an SFI Professorship in the School of Earth Sciences at University College Dublin and is also the Director of the Irish Centre for Research in Applied Geosciences (iCRAG).  He served as Associate Director for Energy and Minerals at the U.S. Geological Survey (2016-17) and was the Charles Fogarty Professor of Economic Geology at Colorado School of Mines from 1996-2016 where a primary research focus was the geology of the Central African Copperbelt (Democratic Republic of Congo and Zambia).  Dr. Hitzman served in Washington, D.C. as a policy analyst in both the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy (1994-96) during the Clinton Administration and the U.S. Senate (1993-94) for Senator Joseph Lieberman (CT).  He worked in the petroleum and minerals industries from 1976 to 1993 primarily conducting mineral exploration worldwide and was largely responsible for Chevron Corporation’s Lisheen Zn-Pb-Ag deposit discovery in Ireland (1990).  Hitzman has B.A. degrees in geology and anthropology from Dartmouth College (1976), an M.S. in geology from University of Washington (1978), and a Ph.D. in geology from Stanford University (1983).  He has previously served on the boards of a number of mineral exploration and mining companies and currently serves as technical advisor for the private company KoBold Metals, focused on utilizing machine learning for battery metals exploration. He has received a number of awards including the Chevron Chairman’s award for the Lisheen discovery (1992), the Society of Economic Geologists Silver Medal (1999), the Daniel C. Jackling Award by Society of Mining, Metallurgy, and Exploration and the Des Pretorius Award by the Geological Society of South Africa (both 2015), and the Haddon Forrester King Medal by the Australian Academy of Sciences (2016).

Stephanie Mrozek is an Adjunct Research Associate at James Cook University (Townsville, Australia) and a Senior Geologist on the Donlin Gold project (SW Alaska). She received her Ph.D. at James Cook University (Townsville, Australia) in 2018 where she studied the world-class Antamina Cu-Zn skarn-porphyry deposit in Peru. Her research combined field observations with geochemistry, geochronology, petrography, and fluid inclusion analysis to reveal spatio-temporal relationships between porphyry emplacement, host rock composition, hydrothermal alteration, and mineralization. Stephanie has 17 years of experience in mining and exploration, with a decade of that time devoted to working on skarns.

/ /

Critical metals are crucial for the delivery of the technologies society requires to meet its decarbonization goals and successfully address the current climate crisis. Although there are a number of well-established ore deposit models, few have been developed for critical metals. There is no reason to believe that economically significant concentrations of any of the newly critical elements do not exist in nature.  History demonstrates that ore deposit models are commonly developed to explain new discoveries.  However, it is also possible to develop new ore deposit models based solely on basic geochemical and geological principles. This talk will review the development of several ore deposit models, suggest some deposits for which models have not yet been developed, and utilise the specific example of hydrothermal nickel deposits in the Central African Copperbelt to illustrate how new ore deposit models for critical metals deposits may be formulated. The current impetus to discover new resources of what have been up to the present elemental curiosities should spur significant research and exploration.  Imagination is required to ensure the future of critical discovery.

Antamina, the largest skarn in the world, surrounds a structurally controlled, NE-SW elongated, multi-phase intrusive complex emplaced between 10.96 ± 0.03 Ma and 10.23 ± 0.07 Ma (zircon CA-ID-TIMS and LA-ICP-MS ages). Both the intrusions and the mineralization (molybdenite Re-Os ages) become younger towards the SW. The large size is proposed to be related to the unusually abundant fertile intrusions and their consecutively southwestward emplacement into Cretaceous Jumasha Formation and Celendin Formation carbonate rocks at favorable depths of 4.6-3.5 km.

Juan Francisco Huamán

/ /

Murray Hitzman holds an SFI Professorship in the School of Earth Sciences at University College Dublin and is also the Director of the Irish Centre for Research in Applied Geosciences (iCRAG).  He served as Associate Director for Energy and Minerals at the U.S. Geological Survey (2016-17) and was the Charles Fogarty Professor of Economic Geology at Colorado School of Mines from 1996-2016 where a primary research focus was the geology of the Central African Copperbelt (Democratic Republic of Congo and Zambia).  Dr. Hitzman served in Washington, D.C. as a policy analyst in both the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy (1994-96) during the Clinton Administration and the U.S. Senate (1993-94) for Senator Joseph Lieberman (CT).  He worked in the petroleum and minerals industries from 1976 to 1993 primarily conducting mineral exploration worldwide and was largely responsible for Chevron Corporation’s Lisheen Zn-Pb-Ag deposit discovery in Ireland (1990).  Hitzman has B.A. degrees in geology and anthropology from Dartmouth College (1976), an M.S. in geology from University of Washington (1978), and a Ph.D. in geology from Stanford University (1983).  He has previously served on the boards of a number of mineral exploration and mining companies and currently serves as technical advisor for the private company KoBold Metals, focused on utilizing machine learning for battery metals exploration. He has received a number of awards including the Chevron Chairman’s award for the Lisheen discovery (1992), the Society of Economic Geologists Silver Medal (1999), the Daniel C. Jackling Award by Society of Mining, Metallurgy, and Exploration and the Des Pretorius Award by the Geological Society of South Africa (both 2015), and the Haddon Forrester King Medal by the Australian Academy of Sciences (2016).

Stephanie Mrozek is an Adjunct Research Associate at James Cook University (Townsville, Australia) and a Senior Geologist on the Donlin Gold project (SW Alaska). She received her Ph.D. at James Cook University (Townsville, Australia) in 2018 where she studied the world-class Antamina Cu-Zn skarn-porphyry deposit in Peru. Her research combined field observations with geochemistry, geochronology, petrography, and fluid inclusion analysis to reveal spatio-temporal relationships between porphyry emplacement, host rock composition, hydrothermal alteration, and mineralization. Stephanie has 17 years of experience in mining and exploration, with a decade of that time devoted to working on skarns.

/ /

Critical metals are crucial for the delivery of the technologies society requires to meet its decarbonization goals and successfully address the current climate crisis. Although there are a number of well-established ore deposit models, few have been developed for critical metals. There is no reason to believe that economically significant concentrations of any of the newly critical elements do not exist in nature.  History demonstrates that ore deposit models are commonly developed to explain new discoveries.  However, it is also possible to develop new ore deposit models based solely on basic geochemical and geological principles. This talk will review the development of several ore deposit models, suggest some deposits for which models have not yet been developed, and utilise the specific example of hydrothermal nickel deposits in the Central African Copperbelt to illustrate how new ore deposit models for critical metals deposits may be formulated. The current impetus to discover new resources of what have been up to the present elemental curiosities should spur significant research and exploration.  Imagination is required to ensure the future of critical discovery.

Antamina, the largest skarn in the world, surrounds a structurally controlled, NE-SW elongated, multi-phase intrusive complex emplaced between 10.96 ± 0.03 Ma and 10.23 ± 0.07 Ma (zircon CA-ID-TIMS and LA-ICP-MS ages). Both the intrusions and the mineralization (molybdenite Re-Os ages) become younger towards the SW. The large size is proposed to be related to the unusually abundant fertile intrusions and their consecutively southwestward emplacement into Cretaceous Jumasha Formation and Celendin Formation carbonate rocks at favorable depths of 4.6-3.5 km.

Ian Gendall

/ /

Murray Hitzman holds an SFI Professorship in the School of Earth Sciences at University College Dublin and is also the Director of the Irish Centre for Research in Applied Geosciences (iCRAG).  He served as Associate Director for Energy and Minerals at the U.S. Geological Survey (2016-17) and was the Charles Fogarty Professor of Economic Geology at Colorado School of Mines from 1996-2016 where a primary research focus was the geology of the Central African Copperbelt (Democratic Republic of Congo and Zambia).  Dr. Hitzman served in Washington, D.C. as a policy analyst in both the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy (1994-96) during the Clinton Administration and the U.S. Senate (1993-94) for Senator Joseph Lieberman (CT).  He worked in the petroleum and minerals industries from 1976 to 1993 primarily conducting mineral exploration worldwide and was largely responsible for Chevron Corporation’s Lisheen Zn-Pb-Ag deposit discovery in Ireland (1990).  Hitzman has B.A. degrees in geology and anthropology from Dartmouth College (1976), an M.S. in geology from University of Washington (1978), and a Ph.D. in geology from Stanford University (1983).  He has previously served on the boards of a number of mineral exploration and mining companies and currently serves as technical advisor for the private company KoBold Metals, focused on utilizing machine learning for battery metals exploration. He has received a number of awards including the Chevron Chairman’s award for the Lisheen discovery (1992), the Society of Economic Geologists Silver Medal (1999), the Daniel C. Jackling Award by Society of Mining, Metallurgy, and Exploration and the Des Pretorius Award by the Geological Society of South Africa (both 2015), and the Haddon Forrester King Medal by the Australian Academy of Sciences (2016).

Stephanie Mrozek is an Adjunct Research Associate at James Cook University (Townsville, Australia) and a Senior Geologist on the Donlin Gold project (SW Alaska). She received her Ph.D. at James Cook University (Townsville, Australia) in 2018 where she studied the world-class Antamina Cu-Zn skarn-porphyry deposit in Peru. Her research combined field observations with geochemistry, geochronology, petrography, and fluid inclusion analysis to reveal spatio-temporal relationships between porphyry emplacement, host rock composition, hydrothermal alteration, and mineralization. Stephanie has 17 years of experience in mining and exploration, with a decade of that time devoted to working on skarns.

/ /

Critical metals are crucial for the delivery of the technologies society requires to meet its decarbonization goals and successfully address the current climate crisis. Although there are a number of well-established ore deposit models, few have been developed for critical metals. There is no reason to believe that economically significant concentrations of any of the newly critical elements do not exist in nature.  History demonstrates that ore deposit models are commonly developed to explain new discoveries.  However, it is also possible to develop new ore deposit models based solely on basic geochemical and geological principles. This talk will review the development of several ore deposit models, suggest some deposits for which models have not yet been developed, and utilise the specific example of hydrothermal nickel deposits in the Central African Copperbelt to illustrate how new ore deposit models for critical metals deposits may be formulated. The current impetus to discover new resources of what have been up to the present elemental curiosities should spur significant research and exploration.  Imagination is required to ensure the future of critical discovery.

Antamina, the largest skarn in the world, surrounds a structurally controlled, NE-SW elongated, multi-phase intrusive complex emplaced between 10.96 ± 0.03 Ma and 10.23 ± 0.07 Ma (zircon CA-ID-TIMS and LA-ICP-MS ages). Both the intrusions and the mineralization (molybdenite Re-Os ages) become younger towards the SW. The large size is proposed to be related to the unusually abundant fertile intrusions and their consecutively southwestward emplacement into Cretaceous Jumasha Formation and Celendin Formation carbonate rocks at favorable depths of 4.6-3.5 km.

William X.Chávez Jr.

/ /

Murray Hitzman holds an SFI Professorship in the School of Earth Sciences at University College Dublin and is also the Director of the Irish Centre for Research in Applied Geosciences (iCRAG).  He served as Associate Director for Energy and Minerals at the U.S. Geological Survey (2016-17) and was the Charles Fogarty Professor of Economic Geology at Colorado School of Mines from 1996-2016 where a primary research focus was the geology of the Central African Copperbelt (Democratic Republic of Congo and Zambia).  Dr. Hitzman served in Washington, D.C. as a policy analyst in both the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy (1994-96) during the Clinton Administration and the U.S. Senate (1993-94) for Senator Joseph Lieberman (CT).  He worked in the petroleum and minerals industries from 1976 to 1993 primarily conducting mineral exploration worldwide and was largely responsible for Chevron Corporation’s Lisheen Zn-Pb-Ag deposit discovery in Ireland (1990).  Hitzman has B.A. degrees in geology and anthropology from Dartmouth College (1976), an M.S. in geology from University of Washington (1978), and a Ph.D. in geology from Stanford University (1983).  He has previously served on the boards of a number of mineral exploration and mining companies and currently serves as technical advisor for the private company KoBold Metals, focused on utilizing machine learning for battery metals exploration. He has received a number of awards including the Chevron Chairman’s award for the Lisheen discovery (1992), the Society of Economic Geologists Silver Medal (1999), the Daniel C. Jackling Award by Society of Mining, Metallurgy, and Exploration and the Des Pretorius Award by the Geological Society of South Africa (both 2015), and the Haddon Forrester King Medal by the Australian Academy of Sciences (2016).

Stephanie Mrozek is an Adjunct Research Associate at James Cook University (Townsville, Australia) and a Senior Geologist on the Donlin Gold project (SW Alaska). She received her Ph.D. at James Cook University (Townsville, Australia) in 2018 where she studied the world-class Antamina Cu-Zn skarn-porphyry deposit in Peru. Her research combined field observations with geochemistry, geochronology, petrography, and fluid inclusion analysis to reveal spatio-temporal relationships between porphyry emplacement, host rock composition, hydrothermal alteration, and mineralization. Stephanie has 17 years of experience in mining and exploration, with a decade of that time devoted to working on skarns.

William X. Chavez, Jr. has degrees in Geology and Mining Engineering from the same institute (1977), and M.A. (1980) and Ph.D. (1984) in Geology from the University of California at Berkeley. Since then he has been Professor of Geological Engineering and Economic Geologist at the New Mexico School of Mines, Socorro, New Mexico. His areas of interest are related to the application of geochemistry to mineral exploration, interpretation of alteration associations, mobility of metals in the supergene environment, and application of geochemistry for mine remediation. He teaches workshops for the Society of Economic Geologists including mapping courses and mineral exploration courses.

/ /

Critical metals are crucial for the delivery of the technologies society requires to meet its decarbonization goals and successfully address the current climate crisis. Although there are a number of well-established ore deposit models, few have been developed for critical metals. There is no reason to believe that economically significant concentrations of any of the newly critical elements do not exist in nature.  History demonstrates that ore deposit models are commonly developed to explain new discoveries.  However, it is also possible to develop new ore deposit models based solely on basic geochemical and geological principles. This talk will review the development of several ore deposit models, suggest some deposits for which models have not yet been developed, and utilise the specific example of hydrothermal nickel deposits in the Central African Copperbelt to illustrate how new ore deposit models for critical metals deposits may be formulated. The current impetus to discover new resources of what have been up to the present elemental curiosities should spur significant research and exploration.  Imagination is required to ensure the future of critical discovery.

Antamina, the largest skarn in the world, surrounds a structurally controlled, NE-SW elongated, multi-phase intrusive complex emplaced between 10.96 ± 0.03 Ma and 10.23 ± 0.07 Ma (zircon CA-ID-TIMS and LA-ICP-MS ages). Both the intrusions and the mineralization (molybdenite Re-Os ages) become younger towards the SW. The large size is proposed to be related to the unusually abundant fertile intrusions and their consecutively southwestward emplacement into Cretaceous Jumasha Formation and Celendin Formation carbonate rocks at favorable depths of 4.6-3.5 km.

/ /

Murray Hitzman holds an SFI Professorship in the School of Earth Sciences at University College Dublin and is also the Director of the Irish Centre for Research in Applied Geosciences (iCRAG).  He served as Associate Director for Energy and Minerals at the U.S. Geological Survey (2016-17) and was the Charles Fogarty Professor of Economic Geology at Colorado School of Mines from 1996-2016 where a primary research focus was the geology of the Central African Copperbelt (Democratic Republic of Congo and Zambia).  Dr. Hitzman served in Washington, D.C. as a policy analyst in both the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy (1994-96) during the Clinton Administration and the U.S. Senate (1993-94) for Senator Joseph Lieberman (CT).  He worked in the petroleum and minerals industries from 1976 to 1993 primarily conducting mineral exploration worldwide and was largely responsible for Chevron Corporation’s Lisheen Zn-Pb-Ag deposit discovery in Ireland (1990).  Hitzman has B.A. degrees in geology and anthropology from Dartmouth College (1976), an M.S. in geology from University of Washington (1978), and a Ph.D. in geology from Stanford University (1983).  He has previously served on the boards of a number of mineral exploration and mining companies and currently serves as technical advisor for the private company KoBold Metals, focused on utilizing machine learning for battery metals exploration. He has received a number of awards including the Chevron Chairman’s award for the Lisheen discovery (1992), the Society of Economic Geologists Silver Medal (1999), the Daniel C. Jackling Award by Society of Mining, Metallurgy, and Exploration and the Des Pretorius Award by the Geological Society of South Africa (both 2015), and the Haddon Forrester King Medal by the Australian Academy of Sciences (2016).

Stephanie Mrozek is an Adjunct Research Associate at James Cook University (Townsville, Australia) and a Senior Geologist on the Donlin Gold project (SW Alaska). She received her Ph.D. at James Cook University (Townsville, Australia) in 2018 where she studied the world-class Antamina Cu-Zn skarn-porphyry deposit in Peru. Her research combined field observations with geochemistry, geochronology, petrography, and fluid inclusion analysis to reveal spatio-temporal relationships between porphyry emplacement, host rock composition, hydrothermal alteration, and mineralization. Stephanie has 17 years of experience in mining and exploration, with a decade of that time devoted to working on skarns.

William X. Chavez, Jr. has degrees in Geology and Mining Engineering from the same institute (1977), and M.A. (1980) and Ph.D. (1984) in Geology from the University of California at Berkeley. Since then he has been Professor of Geological Engineering and Economic Geologist at the New Mexico School of Mines, Socorro, New Mexico. His areas of interest are related to the application of geochemistry to mineral exploration, interpretation of alteration associations, mobility of metals in the supergene environment, and application of geochemistry for mine remediation. He teaches workshops for the Society of Economic Geologists including mapping courses and mineral exploration courses.

/ /

Critical metals are crucial for the delivery of the technologies society requires to meet its decarbonization goals and successfully address the current climate crisis. Although there are a number of well-established ore deposit models, few have been developed for critical metals. There is no reason to believe that economically significant concentrations of any of the newly critical elements do not exist in nature.  History demonstrates that ore deposit models are commonly developed to explain new discoveries.  However, it is also possible to develop new ore deposit models based solely on basic geochemical and geological principles. This talk will review the development of several ore deposit models, suggest some deposits for which models have not yet been developed, and utilise the specific example of hydrothermal nickel deposits in the Central African Copperbelt to illustrate how new ore deposit models for critical metals deposits may be formulated. The current impetus to discover new resources of what have been up to the present elemental curiosities should spur significant research and exploration.  Imagination is required to ensure the future of critical discovery.

Antamina, the largest skarn in the world, surrounds a structurally controlled, NE-SW elongated, multi-phase intrusive complex emplaced between 10.96 ± 0.03 Ma and 10.23 ± 0.07 Ma (zircon CA-ID-TIMS and LA-ICP-MS ages). Both the intrusions and the mineralization (molybdenite Re-Os ages) become younger towards the SW. The large size is proposed to be related to the unusually abundant fertile intrusions and their consecutively southwestward emplacement into Cretaceous Jumasha Formation and Celendin Formation carbonate rocks at favorable depths of 4.6-3.5 km.